/* ==========================================================================
   GERMAN B1 — EDITORIAL ISSUE
   Design Style: Editorial / Magazine-Inspired
   Mood: An independent quarterly about language, learning and arrival.
   Palette: warm paper, deep ink, burgundy accent, ochre highlight.
   ========================================================================== */

@import url('https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=Fraunces:opsz,wght@9..144,400;9..144,500;9..144,700;9..144,900&family=Inter:wght@300;400;500;600;700&family=JetBrains+Mono:wght@400;500&display=swap');

:root {
  /* Paper & Ink */
  --paper:        #F2EBDD;   /* warm off-white, like uncoated stock */
  --paper-deep:   #E8DFC9;   /* slightly tinted secondary surface  */
  --paper-soft:   #FAF6EC;   /* lifted card / pull-quote backdrop  */
  --ink:          #14110F;   /* near-black, warm                   */
  --ink-soft:     #2A2521;
  --ink-muted:    #6B5F52;   /* secondary copy                     */
  --rule:         #2A2521;   /* hairline rules                     */
  --rule-soft:    rgba(20,17,15,0.18);

  /* Editorial Accents */
  --burgundy:     #6E1F2A;   /* primary accent — refined, classic  */
  --burgundy-ink: #4A141C;
  --ochre:        #C8A24A;   /* secondary accent / highlights      */
  --terracotta:   #B65A3C;   /* tertiary, used sparingly           */
  --forest:       #2F4A3A;   /* tag color variant                  */

  /* Typography */
  --serif:  'Fraunces', 'Times New Roman', Georgia, serif;
  --sans:   'Inter', -apple-system, 'Helvetica Neue', sans-serif;
  --mono:   'JetBrains Mono', ui-monospace, monospace;

  /* Layout */
  --col:          1240px;
  --col-narrow:   780px;
  --gutter:       2rem;
  --rule-w:       1px;

  --ease:         cubic-bezier(.22,.61,.36,1);
}

/* ---------- RESET ---------- */
*, *::before, *::after { box-sizing: border-box; }
* { margin: 0; padding: 0; }
img { max-width: 100%; display: block; }
a { color: inherit; text-decoration: none; }
button { font: inherit; color: inherit; background: none; border: 0; cursor: pointer; }

html { scroll-behavior: smooth; }

body {
  font-family: var(--sans);
  font-size: 17px;
  line-height: 1.65;
  color: var(--ink);
  background: var(--paper);
  background-image:
    radial-gradient(rgba(20,17,15,0.045) 1px, transparent 1px);
  background-size: 4px 4px;
  -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased;
  text-rendering: optimizeLegibility;
  overflow-x: hidden;
}

/* ---------- MASTHEAD ---------- */
.masthead {
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--rule);
  background: var(--paper);
  position: sticky;
  top: 0;
  z-index: 50;
  backdrop-filter: saturate(1.1);
}

.masthead-inner {
  max-width: var(--col);
  margin: 0 auto;
  padding: 0.9rem var(--gutter);
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: 1fr auto 1fr;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 1.5rem;
}

.masthead-meta {
  font-family: var(--mono);
  font-size: 0.72rem;
  letter-spacing: 0.12em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  color: var(--ink-muted);
}
.masthead-meta:last-child { text-align: right; }

.masthead-logo {
  font-family: var(--serif);
  font-weight: 900;
  font-style: italic;
  font-size: 1.6rem;
  letter-spacing: -0.02em;
  color: var(--ink);
  white-space: nowrap;
}
.masthead-logo span {
  font-weight: 400;
  font-style: normal;
  color: var(--burgundy);
}

/* ---------- HERO / COVER ---------- */
.hero {
  position: relative;
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--rule);
  padding: 3rem var(--gutter) 0;
  overflow: hidden;
}

.hero-inner {
  max-width: var(--col);
  margin: 0 auto;
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: 1.1fr 0.9fr;
  gap: 3rem;
  align-items: end;
  min-height: 78vh;
  padding-bottom: 3rem;
}

.hero-eyebrow {
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 0.75rem;
  font-family: var(--mono);
  font-size: 0.72rem;
  letter-spacing: 0.18em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  color: var(--burgundy);
  margin-bottom: 1.75rem;
}
.hero-eyebrow::before {
  content: '';
  width: 2.4rem;
  height: 1px;
  background: var(--burgundy);
}

.hero h1 {
  font-family: var(--serif);
  font-weight: 500;
  font-size: clamp(3rem, 7vw, 6.5rem);
  line-height: 0.96;
  letter-spacing: -0.035em;
  color: var(--ink);
  margin-bottom: 1.75rem;
}
.hero h1 em {
  font-style: italic;
  font-weight: 400;
  color: var(--burgundy);
  font-variation-settings: "opsz" 144;
}
.hero h1 .ampersand {
  font-style: italic;
  color: var(--ochre);
  font-weight: 400;
}

.hero-deck {
  font-family: var(--serif);
  font-weight: 300;
  font-size: clamp(1.05rem, 1.4vw, 1.35rem);
  line-height: 1.5;
  color: var(--ink-soft);
  max-width: 32em;
  margin-bottom: 2.25rem;
}

.hero-byline {
  display: flex;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 0.75rem 1.25rem;
  padding-top: 1.25rem;
  border-top: 1px solid var(--rule-soft);
  font-family: var(--mono);
  font-size: 0.72rem;
  letter-spacing: 0.12em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  color: var(--ink-muted);
}
.hero-byline strong { color: var(--ink); font-weight: 500; }
.hero-byline .dot { width: 4px; height: 4px; border-radius: 50%; background: var(--ink-muted); }

/* Cover image — clean editorial treatment, no color cast */
.hero-figure {
  position: relative;
  align-self: stretch;
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
}
.hero-image-wrap {
  position: relative;
  flex: 1;
  min-height: 480px;
  overflow: hidden;
  background: #1a1815;
  border: 1px solid var(--rule);
}
.hero-image {
  position: absolute;
  inset: 0;
  background-image: url('Gemini_Generated_Image_jb8krljb8krljb8k.png');
  background-size: cover;
  background-position: center;
  /* Subtle editorial treatment — keeps natural colors, just refined */
  filter: contrast(1.04) saturate(0.95);
}
.hero-image-wrap::after {
  content: '';
  position: absolute;
  inset: 0;
  /* Soft vignette only, no color tint */
  background:
    linear-gradient(180deg, transparent 55%, rgba(20,17,15,0.45) 100%),
    radial-gradient(120% 90% at 50% 30%, transparent 55%, rgba(20,17,15,0.25) 100%);
  pointer-events: none;
}
.hero-figure figcaption {
  display: flex;
  justify-content: space-between;
  gap: 1rem;
  margin-top: 0.75rem;
  font-family: var(--mono);
  font-size: 0.7rem;
  letter-spacing: 0.08em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  color: var(--ink-muted);
}
.hero-figure figcaption span:last-child { color: var(--burgundy); }

.hero-stamp {
  position: absolute;
  top: 1.25rem;
  right: 1.25rem;
  width: 110px;
  height: 110px;
  border-radius: 50%;
  border: 1px solid var(--paper);
  color: var(--paper);
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
  text-align: center;
  font-family: var(--mono);
  font-size: 0.62rem;
  letter-spacing: 0.18em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  line-height: 1.4;
  z-index: 2;
  background: rgba(20,17,15,0.25);
  backdrop-filter: blur(4px);
  transform: rotate(-6deg);
}
.hero-stamp strong {
  display: block;
  font-family: var(--serif);
  font-style: italic;
  font-size: 1.6rem;
  letter-spacing: -0.02em;
  color: var(--ochre);
  font-weight: 500;
  margin: 0.25rem 0;
}

/* ---------- LANGUAGE SELECTOR ---------- */
.lang-bar {
  border-top: 1px solid var(--rule);
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--rule);
  background: var(--paper-deep);
}
.lang-bar-inner {
  max-width: var(--col);
  margin: 0 auto;
  padding: 1.1rem var(--gutter);
  display: flex;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 1.5rem;
  justify-content: space-between;
}
.lang-label {
  font-family: var(--mono);
  font-size: 0.72rem;
  letter-spacing: 0.18em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  color: var(--ink-muted);
}
.lang-buttons {
  display: flex;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  gap: 0;
  border: 1px solid var(--rule);
  background: var(--paper-soft);
}
.lang-buttons button {
  padding: 0.55rem 1.4rem;
  font-family: var(--mono);
  font-size: 0.78rem;
  letter-spacing: 0.16em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  color: var(--ink-soft);
  border-right: 1px solid var(--rule);
  transition: all 0.25s var(--ease);
}
.lang-buttons button:last-child { border-right: 0; }
.lang-buttons button:hover {
  background: var(--ink);
  color: var(--paper);
}
.lang-buttons button.is-active {
  background: var(--burgundy);
  color: var(--paper);
}

/* ---------- INTRO / EDITOR'S NOTE ---------- */
.intro {
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--rule);
  padding: 6rem var(--gutter);
}
.intro-inner {
  max-width: var(--col);
  margin: 0 auto;
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: 280px 1fr;
  gap: 4rem;
}
.intro-label {
  font-family: var(--mono);
  font-size: 0.72rem;
  letter-spacing: 0.2em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  color: var(--burgundy);
  padding-top: 0.6rem;
  border-top: 2px solid var(--ink);
  align-self: start;
}
.intro-body {
  max-width: 56ch;
}
.intro-body h2 {
  font-family: var(--serif);
  font-weight: 400;
  font-size: clamp(1.7rem, 2.4vw, 2.4rem);
  line-height: 1.2;
  letter-spacing: -0.02em;
  margin-bottom: 1.75rem;
  color: var(--ink);
}
.intro-body h2 em { font-style: italic; color: var(--burgundy); }

.intro-body p {
  font-family: var(--serif);
  font-weight: 300;
  font-size: 1.15rem;
  line-height: 1.65;
  color: var(--ink-soft);
  margin-bottom: 1.25rem;
}

.intro-body p:first-of-type::first-letter {
  font-family: var(--serif);
  font-weight: 700;
  float: left;
  font-size: 4.2rem;
  line-height: 0.85;
  margin: 0.4rem 0.6rem 0 0;
  color: var(--burgundy);
}

/* Stat strip */
.stats {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: repeat(4, 1fr);
  border-top: 1px solid var(--rule);
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--rule);
  background: var(--paper-soft);
}
.stat {
  padding: 2.25rem var(--gutter);
  border-right: 1px solid var(--rule-soft);
  text-align: center;
}
.stat:last-child { border-right: 0; }
.stat-num {
  display: block;
  font-family: var(--serif);
  font-weight: 500;
  font-style: italic;
  font-size: clamp(2.4rem, 4vw, 3.6rem);
  line-height: 1;
  letter-spacing: -0.03em;
  color: var(--burgundy);
  margin-bottom: 0.5rem;
}
.stat-label {
  font-family: var(--mono);
  font-size: 0.7rem;
  letter-spacing: 0.16em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  color: var(--ink-muted);
}

/* ---------- TOPICS / TABLE OF CONTENTS ---------- */
.topics {
  padding: 6rem var(--gutter);
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--rule);
}
.topics-header {
  max-width: var(--col);
  margin: 0 auto 4rem;
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: 1fr auto;
  gap: 2rem;
  align-items: end;
  border-bottom: 2px solid var(--ink);
  padding-bottom: 1.5rem;
}
.topics-title {
  font-family: var(--serif);
  font-weight: 400;
  font-size: clamp(2.5rem, 5vw, 4.5rem);
  line-height: 0.95;
  letter-spacing: -0.035em;
  color: var(--ink);
}
.topics-title em { font-style: italic; color: var(--burgundy); }
.topics-meta {
  font-family: var(--mono);
  font-size: 0.72rem;
  letter-spacing: 0.18em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  color: var(--ink-muted);
  text-align: right;
  white-space: nowrap;
  padding-bottom: 0.5rem;
}

/* The list — modeled as a magazine table of contents */
.topics-list {
  list-style: none;
  max-width: var(--col);
  margin: 0 auto;
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: repeat(2, 1fr);
  gap: 0;
  border-top: 1px solid var(--rule);
}

.menu-item {
  position: relative;
  padding: 1.6rem 1.5rem 1.6rem 4.5rem;
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--rule-soft);
  border-right: 1px solid var(--rule-soft);
  counter-increment: topic;
  transition: background 0.35s var(--ease);
  background: transparent;
}
.menu-item:nth-child(2n) { border-right: 0; }
.menu-item::before {
  content: counter(topic, decimal-leading-zero);
  position: absolute;
  top: 1.7rem;
  left: 1.5rem;
  font-family: var(--mono);
  font-size: 0.78rem;
  letter-spacing: 0.08em;
  color: var(--ochre);
  font-weight: 500;
}
.topics-list { counter-reset: topic; }

.menu-item:hover {
  background: var(--paper-soft);
}
.menu-item:hover::before {
  color: var(--burgundy);
}

.menu-item a {
  font-family: var(--serif);
  font-weight: 500;
  font-size: 1.18rem;
  line-height: 1.3;
  letter-spacing: -0.015em;
  color: var(--ink);
  display: block;
  margin-bottom: 0.45rem;
  transition: color 0.25s var(--ease);
  position: relative;
}
.menu-item a::after {
  content: '→';
  display: inline-block;
  margin-left: 0.5rem;
  color: var(--burgundy);
  opacity: 0;
  transform: translateX(-6px);
  transition: all 0.3s var(--ease);
  font-family: var(--sans);
}
.menu-item:hover a { color: var(--burgundy); }
.menu-item:hover a::after { opacity: 1; transform: translateX(0); }

.menu-translation {
  display: none;
  font-family: var(--sans);
  font-size: 0.88rem;
  font-weight: 400;
  line-height: 1.4;
  color: var(--ink-muted);
  letter-spacing: 0.005em;
}
.menu-translation.is-visible { display: block; }

.menu-item a::before {
  content: '';
  position: absolute;
  inset: 0;
  z-index: 1;
}
.menu-item > * { position: relative; z-index: 2; }
.menu-item a { position: static; }
.menu-item a::before {
  content: '';
  position: absolute;
  inset: -1.6rem -1.5rem -1.6rem -4.5rem;
  z-index: 0;
}

/* ---------- METHOD / FEATURE SECTION ---------- */
.method {
  padding: 6rem var(--gutter);
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--rule);
  background: var(--paper-soft);
}
.method-inner {
  max-width: var(--col);
  margin: 0 auto;
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: 0.95fr 1.05fr;
  gap: 4rem;
  align-items: center;
}
.method-figure {
  position: relative;
  aspect-ratio: 4 / 5;
  overflow: hidden;
  border: 1px solid var(--rule);
  background: #1a1815;
}
.method-figure-img {
  position: absolute;
  inset: 0;
  background-image: url('Gemini_Generated_Image_jb8krljb8krljb8k.png');
  background-size: cover;
  background-position: 30% center;
  filter: contrast(1.05) saturate(0.95);
}
.method-figure::after {
  content: '';
  position: absolute;
  inset: 0;
  background: linear-gradient(180deg, transparent 50%, rgba(20,17,15,0.55) 100%);
  pointer-events: none;
}
.method-figure-cap {
  position: absolute;
  bottom: 1rem;
  left: 1rem;
  right: 1rem;
  z-index: 2;
  font-family: var(--mono);
  font-size: 0.7rem;
  letter-spacing: 0.16em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  color: var(--paper);
  display: flex;
  justify-content: space-between;
  gap: 1rem;
}
.method-figure-cap span:last-child { color: var(--ochre); }

.method-eyebrow {
  font-family: var(--mono);
  font-size: 0.72rem;
  letter-spacing: 0.2em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  color: var(--burgundy);
  padding-top: 0.6rem;
  border-top: 2px solid var(--ink);
  display: inline-block;
  margin-bottom: 1.5rem;
}
.method h2 {
  font-family: var(--serif);
  font-weight: 400;
  font-size: clamp(2rem, 3.6vw, 3.2rem);
  line-height: 1.05;
  letter-spacing: -0.03em;
  margin-bottom: 1.5rem;
}
.method h2 em { font-style: italic; color: var(--burgundy); }

.method-lead {
  font-family: var(--serif);
  font-weight: 300;
  font-size: 1.2rem;
  line-height: 1.55;
  color: var(--ink-soft);
  margin-bottom: 2.5rem;
  max-width: 38em;
}

.method-list {
  list-style: none;
  display: grid;
  gap: 1.5rem;
}
.method-list li {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: auto 1fr;
  gap: 1.25rem;
  padding-top: 1.25rem;
  border-top: 1px solid var(--rule-soft);
}
.method-list li .num {
  font-family: var(--mono);
  font-size: 0.78rem;
  letter-spacing: 0.1em;
  color: var(--burgundy);
  padding-top: 0.2rem;
}
.method-list li h3 {
  font-family: var(--serif);
  font-weight: 600;
  font-size: 1.15rem;
  letter-spacing: -0.01em;
  margin-bottom: 0.35rem;
  color: var(--ink);
}
.method-list li p {
  font-family: var(--sans);
  font-size: 0.95rem;
  line-height: 1.55;
  color: var(--ink-muted);
}

/* ---------- PULL QUOTE ---------- */
.pullquote {
  padding: 7rem var(--gutter);
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--rule);
  text-align: center;
  background: var(--paper);
}
.pullquote-inner {
  max-width: var(--col-narrow);
  margin: 0 auto;
}
.pullquote q {
  font-family: var(--serif);
  font-weight: 400;
  font-style: italic;
  font-size: clamp(1.6rem, 3.6vw, 3rem);
  line-height: 1.2;
  letter-spacing: -0.02em;
  color: var(--ink);
  display: block;
  position: relative;
  quotes: "\201C" "\201D";
}
.pullquote q::before,
.pullquote q::after {
  color: var(--burgundy);
  font-size: 1.1em;
  font-weight: 500;
}
.pullquote-attr {
  margin-top: 2.5rem;
  font-family: var(--mono);
  font-size: 0.72rem;
  letter-spacing: 0.2em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  color: var(--ink-muted);
}
.pullquote-attr strong { color: var(--burgundy); font-weight: 500; }

/* ---------- CTA / COLOPHON ---------- */
.cta-section {
  padding: 7rem var(--gutter);
  background: var(--ink);
  color: var(--paper);
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--ink);
}
.cta-inner {
  max-width: var(--col);
  margin: 0 auto;
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: 1fr 1fr;
  gap: 4rem;
  align-items: center;
}
.cta-section .eyebrow {
  font-family: var(--mono);
  font-size: 0.72rem;
  letter-spacing: 0.2em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  color: var(--ochre);
  padding-top: 0.6rem;
  border-top: 2px solid var(--ochre);
  display: inline-block;
  margin-bottom: 1.5rem;
}
.cta-section h2 {
  font-family: var(--serif);
  font-weight: 400;
  font-size: clamp(2.4rem, 5vw, 4.2rem);
  line-height: 1;
  letter-spacing: -0.035em;
  color: var(--paper);
  margin-bottom: 1.5rem;
}
.cta-section h2 em { font-style: italic; color: var(--ochre); }

.cta-section p {
  font-family: var(--serif);
  font-weight: 300;
  font-size: 1.2rem;
  line-height: 1.5;
  color: rgba(242,235,221,0.75);
  max-width: 30em;
}

.cta-actions {
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  gap: 1rem;
  align-items: flex-start;
}
.cta-button {
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 0.9rem;
  padding: 1.2rem 2rem;
  background: var(--ochre);
  color: var(--ink);
  font-family: var(--mono);
  font-size: 0.78rem;
  letter-spacing: 0.18em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  font-weight: 500;
  border: 1px solid var(--ochre);
  transition: all 0.3s var(--ease);
}
.cta-button:hover {
  background: var(--paper);
  border-color: var(--paper);
  transform: translateY(-2px);
}
.cta-button .arrow {
  font-family: var(--serif);
  font-style: italic;
  font-size: 1.2rem;
  letter-spacing: 0;
}
.cta-secondary {
  font-family: var(--mono);
  font-size: 0.74rem;
  letter-spacing: 0.16em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  color: rgba(242,235,221,0.6);
  border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(242,235,221,0.25);
  padding-bottom: 2px;
  transition: color 0.25s var(--ease), border-color 0.25s var(--ease);
}
.cta-secondary:hover { color: var(--ochre); border-color: var(--ochre); }

/* ---------- COLOPHON / FOOTER ---------- */
.colophon {
  padding: 3rem var(--gutter);
  background: var(--ink);
  color: rgba(242,235,221,0.55);
  font-family: var(--mono);
  font-size: 0.72rem;
  letter-spacing: 0.14em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
}
.colophon-inner {
  max-width: var(--col);
  margin: 0 auto;
  display: flex;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  gap: 1.25rem 2rem;
  justify-content: space-between;
  align-items: center;
  border-top: 1px solid rgba(242,235,221,0.15);
  padding-top: 2rem;
}
.colophon strong { color: var(--ochre); font-weight: 500; }

/* ==========================================================================
   TOPIC PAGES — Editorial article layout
   Used by /themen/*.html
   ========================================================================== */

/* Page-level wrapper for topic pages.
   Pages don't have a wrapper element, so we apply via body class fallback
   and direct selectors on .section / h1 / h2 etc. */

/* Back button — slim, top-left, like a magazine kicker */
.back-button {
  position: fixed;
  top: 1.25rem;
  left: 1.25rem;
  z-index: 60;
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 0.55rem;
  padding: 0.55rem 1rem;
  background: var(--paper-soft);
  border: 1px solid var(--rule);
  color: var(--ink);
  font-family: var(--mono);
  font-size: 0.7rem;
  letter-spacing: 0.16em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  text-decoration: none;
  transition: all 0.25s var(--ease);
}
.back-button:hover {
  background: var(--ink);
  color: var(--paper);
  border-color: var(--ink);
}

/* Article-level title block (h1 + subtitle on topic pages) */
body > h1 {
  max-width: var(--col-narrow);
  margin: 7rem auto 1rem;
  padding: 0 var(--gutter);
  font-family: var(--serif);
  font-weight: 500;
  font-size: clamp(2.4rem, 5.5vw, 4.5rem);
  line-height: 1;
  letter-spacing: -0.035em;
  color: var(--ink);
  text-align: left;
  position: relative;
}
body > h1::before {
  content: '§ Lesestück';
  display: block;
  font-family: var(--mono);
  font-size: 0.72rem;
  letter-spacing: 0.2em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  color: var(--burgundy);
  margin-bottom: 1.25rem;
  font-weight: 500;
}
body > .subtitle {
  max-width: var(--col-narrow);
  margin: 0 auto 2.5rem;
  padding: 0 var(--gutter);
  font-family: var(--serif);
  font-weight: 300;
  font-style: italic;
  font-size: clamp(1.1rem, 1.6vw, 1.4rem);
  line-height: 1.4;
  color: var(--ink-muted);
  text-align: left;
}

/* Language switcher on topic pages */
body > .lang-buttons {
  max-width: var(--col-narrow);
  margin: 0 auto 4rem;
  padding: 1rem var(--gutter);
  display: flex;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  gap: 0;
  border-top: 1px solid var(--rule);
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--rule);
  justify-content: flex-start;
}
body > .lang-buttons::before {
  content: 'Sprache · Language';
  flex: 1 1 100%;
  font-family: var(--mono);
  font-size: 0.65rem;
  letter-spacing: 0.2em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  color: var(--ink-muted);
  margin-bottom: 0.75rem;
}
body > .lang-buttons button {
  padding: 0.55rem 1.1rem;
  border: 1px solid var(--rule);
  border-right: 0;
  background: var(--paper);
  color: var(--ink-soft);
  font-family: var(--mono);
  font-size: 0.72rem;
  letter-spacing: 0.16em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  cursor: pointer;
  transition: all 0.2s var(--ease);
}
body > .lang-buttons button:last-child { border-right: 1px solid var(--rule); }
body > .lang-buttons button:hover {
  background: var(--ink);
  color: var(--paper);
  border-color: var(--ink);
}

/* Sections — article blocks */
.section {
  max-width: var(--col-narrow);
  margin: 0 auto 3rem;
  padding: 0 var(--gutter);
}

.section h2 {
  font-family: var(--serif);
  font-weight: 500;
  font-size: clamp(1.6rem, 2.4vw, 2.2rem);
  line-height: 1.15;
  letter-spacing: -0.02em;
  color: var(--ink);
  margin-bottom: 1.75rem;
  padding-bottom: 1rem;
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--rule);
  position: relative;
}
.section h2::before {
  content: '';
  display: block;
  width: 2.4rem;
  height: 2px;
  background: var(--burgundy);
  margin-bottom: 0.85rem;
}

/* Paragraphs inside .section — used heavily for translations */
.section p {
  font-family: var(--serif);
  font-weight: 300;
  font-size: 1.15rem;
  line-height: 1.65;
  margin-bottom: 1rem;
  max-width: 62ch;
}

/* ==========================================================================
   The translation system on topic pages:
   - <p class="de"> ... German original
   - <p class="pl|ua|ru|ar"> ... translation
   - <span class="de|pl|...">  inline alternates inside <li>
   script.js toggles display:block/none based on chosen language.
   We keep that, but visually distinguish DE (primary, ink, large serif)
   from translations (secondary, sans, muted, with a coloured rule).
   ========================================================================== */

/* DE = the original text, the leading voice */
.de {
  color: var(--ink);
  font-family: var(--serif);
  font-weight: 500;
  font-style: normal;
  letter-spacing: -0.005em;
}

/* Translations — quieter, set apart with a left rule */
.pl, .ua, .ru, .ar {
  color: var(--ink-muted);
  font-family: var(--sans);
  font-weight: 400;
  font-style: normal;
  font-size: 0.97em;
  line-height: 1.55;
}

/* When the text appears as a paragraph inside .section */
.section p.de {
  font-size: 1.2rem;
  margin-bottom: 0.6rem;
  padding-left: 0;
}
.section p.pl,
.section p.ua,
.section p.ru,
.section p.ar {
  font-size: 1rem;
  padding-left: 1.25rem;
  margin-left: 0;
  margin-bottom: 1.75rem;
  border-left: 2px solid var(--burgundy);
  position: relative;
}
.section p.pl::before,
.section p.ua::before,
.section p.ru::before,
.section p.ar::before {
  content: attr(class);
  position: absolute;
  top: -0.85rem;
  left: -2px;
  background: var(--paper);
  padding: 0 0.5rem 0 0;
  font-family: var(--mono);
  font-size: 0.62rem;
  letter-spacing: 0.2em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  color: var(--burgundy);
  font-weight: 500;
}
.section p.ar { border-left: 0; border-right: 2px solid var(--burgundy); padding-left: 0; padding-right: 1.25rem; text-align: right; direction: rtl; }
.section p.ar::before { left: auto; right: -2px; padding: 0 0 0 0.5rem; }

/* When DE and translation appear inline as <span> inside <li> */
.section li .de {
  display: block;
  font-family: var(--serif);
  font-weight: 500;
  font-size: 1.1rem;
  color: var(--ink);
  margin-bottom: 0.35rem;
}
.section li .pl,
.section li .ua,
.section li .ru,
.section li .ar {
  display: block;
  font-family: var(--sans);
  font-size: 0.93rem;
  color: var(--ink-muted);
  font-weight: 400;
  padding-left: 0.85rem;
  border-left: 2px solid var(--ochre);
  margin-bottom: 0.4rem;
}
.section li .ar { border-left: 0; border-right: 2px solid var(--ochre); padding-left: 0; padding-right: 0.85rem; text-align: right; direction: rtl; }

/* Lists in topic sections — Q&A and bullet lists */
.section ul {
  list-style: none;
  margin: 0;
  padding: 0;
  display: block;
}
.section ul li {
  position: relative;
  padding: 1.1rem 0 1.1rem 2rem;
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--rule-soft);
  counter-increment: item;
}
.section ul {
  counter-reset: item;
}
.section ul li::before {
  content: counter(item, decimal-leading-zero);
  position: absolute;
  left: 0;
  top: 1.25rem;
  font-family: var(--mono);
  font-size: 0.7rem;
  letter-spacing: 0.1em;
  color: var(--ochre);
}
.section ul li:last-child { border-bottom: 0; }

/* Question prompt (b inside li) */
.section li b {
  display: block;
  font-family: var(--serif);
  font-weight: 600;
  font-size: 1.15rem;
  color: var(--burgundy);
  margin-bottom: 0.75rem;
  line-height: 1.3;
}

/* Vor- und Nachteile pre-label paragraphs */
.section .columns p {
  margin-bottom: 0.75rem;
}
.section .columns p b {
  display: inline-block;
  font-family: var(--mono);
  font-weight: 500;
  font-size: 0.7rem;
  letter-spacing: 0.18em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  color: var(--burgundy);
  margin-bottom: 0;
  padding: 0.25rem 0.6rem;
  border: 1px solid var(--burgundy);
  border-radius: 0;
  background: transparent;
}

/* Columns for Vor-/Nachteile */
.columns {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: 1fr 1fr;
  gap: 2.5rem;
  margin-top: 1rem;
}
.column {
  padding: 1.5rem;
  background: var(--paper-soft);
  border: 1px solid var(--rule-soft);
}
.column h3 {
  font-family: var(--serif);
  font-weight: 600;
  font-style: italic;
  font-size: 1.4rem;
  letter-spacing: -0.01em;
  color: var(--ink);
  margin-bottom: 1.25rem;
  padding-bottom: 0.6rem;
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--rule-soft);
}
.column ul li {
  padding-left: 1.5rem;
  border-bottom: 0;
  padding-top: 0.4rem;
  padding-bottom: 0.9rem;
}
.column ul li::before {
  content: '·';
  font-family: var(--serif);
  font-size: 1.5rem;
  color: var(--burgundy);
  top: 0.2rem;
  letter-spacing: 0;
}
@media (max-width: 720px) {
  .columns { grid-template-columns: 1fr; gap: 1.25rem; }
}

/* Tables (Wortschatz) */
.section table {
  width: 100%;
  border-collapse: collapse;
  margin: 1rem 0 0;
  font-family: var(--sans);
  font-size: 0.95rem;
  border-top: 2px solid var(--ink);
  border-bottom: 2px solid var(--ink);
}
.section th {
  text-align: left;
  padding: 0.85rem 0.75rem;
  font-family: var(--mono);
  font-size: 0.66rem;
  font-weight: 500;
  letter-spacing: 0.16em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  color: var(--burgundy);
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--rule);
  background: var(--paper-soft);
  vertical-align: bottom;
}
.section td {
  padding: 0.85rem 0.75rem;
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--rule-soft);
  vertical-align: top;
  line-height: 1.4;
}
.section tr:last-child td { border-bottom: 0; }
.section tr:hover td {
  background: var(--paper-soft);
}

/* The German term in first column — leading typography */
.section td:first-child {
  font-family: var(--serif);
  font-weight: 600;
  color: var(--ink);
  font-size: 1.02rem;
  width: 28%;
}
/* Translation cells */
.section td.pl,
.section td.ua,
.section td.ru,
.section td.ar {
  font-family: var(--sans);
  color: var(--ink-muted);
  border-left: 0;
  padding: 0.85rem 0.75rem;
}
.section td.ar { text-align: right; direction: rtl; }

/* Generous bottom space at end of topic page */
body > .section:last-of-type {
  margin-bottom: 6rem;
}

/* Add a delicate footer rule for topic pages */
body:has(> .back-button)::after {
  content: '';
  display: block;
  height: 60px;
  border-top: 1px solid var(--rule);
  background: linear-gradient(180deg, var(--paper) 0%, var(--paper-deep) 100%);
}

/* Mobile tweaks for topic pages */
@media (max-width: 720px) {
  .back-button { top: 0.75rem; left: 0.75rem; padding: 0.45rem 0.75rem; }
  body > h1 { margin-top: 5rem; }
  body > .lang-buttons { padding: 0.85rem var(--gutter); }
  .section td:first-child { width: auto; }
  .section table { font-size: 0.88rem; }
  .section th, .section td { padding: 0.6rem 0.45rem; }
}

/* ---------- ARABIC RTL ---------- */
[lang="ar"], .ar { direction: rtl; text-align: right; }
body.is-rtl { font-family: 'Inter', 'Segoe UI', sans-serif; }
body.is-rtl .hero-eyebrow::before { margin-left: 0.75rem; }

/* ---------- RESPONSIVE ---------- */
@media (max-width: 1024px) {
  .hero-inner { grid-template-columns: 1fr; gap: 2.5rem; min-height: 0; padding-bottom: 4rem; }
  .hero-image-wrap { min-height: 420px; }
  .intro-inner { grid-template-columns: 1fr; gap: 1.75rem; }
  .intro-label { border-top: 0; padding-top: 0; }
  .method-inner { grid-template-columns: 1fr; gap: 2.5rem; }
  .method-figure { aspect-ratio: 16/10; max-height: 480px; }
  .cta-inner { grid-template-columns: 1fr; gap: 2rem; }
  .stats { grid-template-columns: repeat(2,1fr); }
  .stat:nth-child(2) { border-right: 0; }
  .stat:nth-child(-n+2) { border-bottom: 1px solid var(--rule-soft); }
}

@media (max-width: 720px) {
  .masthead-inner { grid-template-columns: 1fr; text-align: center; gap: 0.5rem; }
  .masthead-meta:last-child { text-align: center; }
  .hero { padding-top: 2rem; }
  .hero h1 { font-size: clamp(2.6rem, 11vw, 4.2rem); }
  .hero-stamp { width: 86px; height: 86px; font-size: 0.55rem; }
  .hero-stamp strong { font-size: 1.2rem; }
  .topics-header { grid-template-columns: 1fr; }
  .topics-meta { text-align: left; }
  .topics-list { grid-template-columns: 1fr; }
  .menu-item { border-right: 0 !important; }
  .stats { grid-template-columns: 1fr; }
  .stat { border-right: 0; border-bottom: 1px solid var(--rule-soft); }
  .stat:last-child { border-bottom: 0; }
  .lang-bar-inner { justify-content: center; }
  .pullquote { padding: 4.5rem var(--gutter); }
  .cta-section { padding: 4.5rem var(--gutter); }
  .intro, .topics, .method { padding: 4rem var(--gutter); }
}

/* ---------- SUBTLE ENTRY ANIMATIONS ---------- */
@media (prefers-reduced-motion: no-preference) {
  .reveal {
    opacity: 0;
    transform: translateY(18px);
    transition: opacity 0.9s var(--ease), transform 0.9s var(--ease);
  }
  .reveal.is-visible {
    opacity: 1;
    transform: translateY(0);
  }
}

::selection { background: var(--burgundy); color: var(--paper); }